㈠ 鑱旀兂鐢佃剳鐨凚IOS CMOS鎬庝箞璁劇疆
CMOS鏄涓繪澘涓婁竴鍧楀彲璇誨啓鐨凴AM鑺鐗,鐢ㄤ簬淇濆瓨褰撳墠緋葷粺鐨勭‖浠墮厤緗淇℃伅鍜岀敤鎴瘋懼畾鐨勬煇浜涘弬鏁般侰MOS RAM鐢變富鏉誇笂鐨勭數奼犱緵鐢,鍗充嬌緋葷粺鎺夌數淇℃伅涔熶笉浼氫涪澶便傚笴MOS涓鍚勯」鍙傛暟鐨勮懼畾鍜屾洿鏂板彲閫氳繃寮鏈烘椂鐗瑰畾鐨勬寜閿瀹炵幇(涓鑸鏄疍el閿)銆傝繘鍏BIOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭鍙瀵笴MOS榪涜岃劇疆銆備竴鑸珻MOS璁劇疆涔犳儻涓婁篃琚鍙鍋欱IOS璁劇疆銆
緋葷粺姣曟氬紑鏈哄惎鍔 BIOS,鍗沖井鏈虹殑鍩烘湰杈撳叆杈撳嚭緋葷粺(Basic Input-Output System),鏄闆嗘垚鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂鐨勪竴涓猂OM鑺鐗,鍏朵腑淇濆瓨鏈夊井鏈虹郴緇 鏈閲嶈佺殑鍩烘湰杈撳叆/杈撳嚭紼嬪簭銆佺郴緇熶俊鎮璁劇疆銆佸紑鏈轟笂鐢佃嚜媯紼嬪簭鍜岀郴緇熷惎鍔ㄨ嚜涓劇▼搴忋傚湪涓繪澘涓婂彲浠ョ湅鍒癇IOS ROM鑺鐗囥備竴鍧椾富鏉挎ц兘浼樿秺涓庡惁,寰堝ぇ紼嬪害涓婂彇鍐充簬鏉誇笂鐨凚IOS綆＄悊鍔熻兘鏄鍚﹀厛榪涖
銆銆涓嬫枃浠嬬粛BIOS鐨勪互涓嬪嚑涓鏂歸潰鐨勫惈涔:BIOS涓鏂渚嬬▼;POST涓婄數鑷媯;緋葷粺CMOS璁劇疆銆
銆銆涓銆丅IOS涓鏂渚嬬▼
銆銆鍗矪IOS涓鏂鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭銆傚畠鏄寰鏈虹郴緇熻蔣銆佺‖浠朵箣闂寸殑涓涓鍙緙栫▼鎺ュ彛,鐢ㄤ簬紼嬪簭杞浠跺姛鑳戒笌寰鏈虹‖浠跺疄鐜扮殑琛嶆帴銆 DOS/Windows鎿嶄綔緋葷粺瀵硅蔣銆佺‖鐩樸佸厜椹變笌閿鐩樸佹樉紺哄櫒媧捐京絳夊栧洿璁懼囩殑綆＄悊鍗沖緩絝嬪湪緋葷粺BIOS鐨勫熀紜涓娿傜▼搴忓憳涔熷彲浠ラ氳繃 瀵笽NT 5銆両NT 13絳変腑鏂鐨勮塊棶鐩存帴璋冪敤BIOS涓鏂渚嬬▼銆
銆銆浜屻丅IOS緋葷粺璁劇疆紼嬪簭
銆銆寰鏈洪儴浠墮厤緗鎯呭喌鏄鏀懼湪涓鍧楀彲璇誨啓鐨凜MOS RAM鑺鐗囦腑鐨,瀹冧繚瀛樼潃緋葷粺CPU銆佽蔣紜鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒銆佹樉紺哄櫒銆侀敭鐩樼瓑閮ㄤ歡鐨勪俊鎮銆傛墜緹″垯 鍏蟲満鍚,緋葷粺閫氳繃涓鍧楀悗澶囩數奼犲悜CMOS渚涚數浠ヤ繚鎸佸叾涓鐨勪俊鎮銆傚傛灉CMOS涓鍏充簬寰鏈虹殑閰嶇疆淇℃伅涓嶆ｇ『,浼氬艱嚧緋葷粺鎬ц兘闄嶄綆銆侀浂閮ㄤ歡涓嶈兘璇嗗埆,騫剁敱姝ゅ紩鍙戜竴緋葷粺鐨勮蔣紜浠舵晠闅溿傚湪BIOS ROM鑺鐗囦腑瑁呮湁涓涓紼嬪簭縐頒負鈥滅郴緇熻劇疆紼嬪簭鈥,灝辨槸鐢ㄦ潵 璁劇疆CMOS RAM涓鐨勫弬鏁扮殑銆傝繖涓紼嬪簭涓鑸鍦ㄥ紑鏈烘椂鎸変笅涓涓鎴栦竴緇勯敭鍗沖彲榪涘叆,瀹冩彁渚涗簡鑹濂界殑鐣岄潰渚涚敤鎴蜂嬌鐢ㄣ傝繖涓璁劇疆 CMOS鍙傛暟鐨勮繃紼,涔犳儻涓婁篃縐頒負鈥淏IOS璁劇疆鈥濄傛柊璐鐨勫井鏈烘垨鏂板炰簡閮ㄤ歡鐨勭郴緇,閮介渶榪涜孊IOS璁劇疆銆
銆銆涓夈丳OST涓婄數鑷媯
銆銆寰鏈烘帴閫氱數婧愬悗,緋葷粺灝嗘湁涓涓瀵瑰唴閮ㄥ悇涓璁懼囪繘琛屾鏌ョ殑榪囩▼,榪欐槸鐢變竴涓閫氬父縐頒箣涓篜OST(Power On Self Test,涓婄數鑷 媯)鐨勭▼搴忔潵瀹屾垚鐨勩傝繖涔熸槸BIOS鐨勪竴涓鍔熻兘銆傚畬鏁寸殑POST鑷媯灝嗗寘鎷珻PU銆640K鍩烘湰鍐呭瓨銆1M浠ヤ笂鐨勬墿灞曞唴瀛樸丷OM銆佷富鏉褲 CMOS瀛樿串鍣ㄣ佷覆騫跺彛銆佹樉紺哄崱銆佽蔣紜鐩樺瓙緋葷粺鍙婇敭鐩樻祴璇曘傝嚜媯涓鑻ュ彂鐜伴棶棰,緋葷粺灝嗙粰鍑烘彁紺轟俊鎮鎴栭福絎涜﹀憡銆
銆銆鍥涖丅IOS緋葷粺鍚鍔ㄨ嚜涓劇▼搴
銆銆鍦ㄥ畬鎴怭OST鑷媯鍚,ROM BIOS灝嗘寜鐓х郴緇烠MOS璁劇疆涓鐨勫惎鍔ㄩ『搴忔悳瀵昏蔣紜鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒鍙奀DROM銆佺綉緇滄湇鍔″櫒絳夋湁鏁堢殑鍚鍔ㄩ┍鍔ㄥ櫒 ,璇誨叆鎿嶄綔緋葷粺寮曞艱板綍,鐒跺悗灝嗙郴緇熸帶鍒舵潈浜ょ粰寮曞艱板綍,鐢卞紩瀵艱板綍瀹屾垚緋葷粺鐨勫惎鍔ㄣ
㈡ 寮鏈烘樉紺篶mos璁劇疆涓嶅綋濡備綍澶勭悊錛
涓銆佷富鏉跨數奼犳病鐢點
鎹㈢數奼狅紝鎹㈢數奼犲悗鐢佃剳涓鍒囨ｅ父錛屼笉鐢ㄩ檰宀╅敭鍐嶈皟浠涔堬紝鐢佃剳涓鐨勬枃浠朵篃涓嶄細涓㈠け銆
浜屻佷富鏉塊棶棰橈紝鍗楁ˉ鑰楃數嫻佽繃澶с
鍗楁ˉ鍧忎簡鐥囩姸杈冨氾紝鍙浠ュ紑鏈猴紝姣斿傚０鍗℃棤澹幫紝闆嗘垚緗戝崱鏃犳硶璁塊棶緗戠粶鏃╁閥錛孶SB鎺ュ彛鏃犳晥銆佹棤娉曡瘑鍒紜鐩樼瓑錛屾洿鎹涓涓鍗沖彲銆
㈢ 鐢佃剳鐨刢mos鍧忎簡鎬庝箞鍔炲晩
銆銆BIOS鑺鐗囧潖浜嗙殑鐥囩姸濡備笅錛
銆銆涓銆佸紑鏈烘棤鏄劇ず
銆銆1銆佸洜涓轟富鏉挎墿灞曟Ы鎴栨墿灞曞崱鏈夐棶棰橈紝瀵艱嚧鎻掍笂璇稿傚０鍗＄瓑鎵╁睍鍗″悗涓繪澘娌℃湁鍝嶅簲鑰屾棤鏄劇ず銆
銆銆2銆佸逛簬鐜板湪鐨勫厤璺崇嚎涓繪澘鑰岃█錛屽傝嫢鍦–MOS閲岃劇疆鐨凜PU棰戠巼涓嶅癸紝涔熷彲鑳戒細寮曞彂涓嶆樉紺烘晠闅滐紝瀵規わ紝鍙瑕佹竻闄CMOS鍗沖彲浜堜互瑙ｅ喅銆傛竻闄CMOS鐨勮煩綰誇竴鑸鍦ㄤ富鏉跨殑閿傜數奼犻檮榪戱紝鍏墮粯璁や綅緗涓鑸涓1銆2鐭璺錛屽彧瑕佸皢鍏舵敼璺充負2銆3鐭璺鍑犵掔嶅嵆鍙瑙ｅ喅闂棰橈紝瀵逛簬浠ュ墠鐨勮佷富鏉垮傝嫢鐢ㄦ埛鎵句笉鍒拌ヨ煩鍐屽屽惖綰匡紝鍙瑕佸皢鐢墊睜鍙栦笅錛屽緟寮鏈烘樉紺鴻繘鍏CMOS璁劇疆鍚庡啀鍏蟲満錛屽皢琛緙撶數奼犱笂涓婂幓浜﹁揪鍒癈MOS鏀劇數涔嬬洰鐨勩
銆銆瀵逛簬涓繪澘BIOS琚鐮村潖鐨勬晠闅滐紝鎴戜滑鍙浠ユ彃涓奍SA鏄懼崱鐪嬫湁鏃犳樉紺猴紝鍊樿嫢娌℃湁寮鏈虹敾闈錛屼篃鍙浠ヨ嚜宸卞仛涓寮犺嚜鍔ㄦ洿鏂癇IOS鐨勮蔣鐩橈紝閲嶆柊鍒鋒柊BIOS錛屼絾鏈夌殑涓繪澘BIOS琚鐮村潖鍚庯紝杞椹辨牴鏈灝變笉宸ヤ綔錛堟嵁鎴戞墍鐭ワ紝鎵垮惎鐨勪富鏉垮氨鏄榪欐牱錛夛紝姝ゆ椂錛屽彲灝濊瘯鐢ㄧ儹鎻掓嫈娉曡В鍐籌紝浣嗘嵁鎴戜釜浜虹粡楠岋紝閲囩敤鐑鎻掓嫈闄ら渶瑕佺浉鍚岀殑BIOS澶栬繕鍙鑳戒細瀵艱嚧涓繪澘閮ㄥ垎鍏冧歡鎹熷潖錛屾墍浠ュ彲闈犵殑鏂規硶鏄鐢ㄥ啓鐮佸櫒灝咮IOS鏇存柊鏂囦歡鍐欏叆BIOS閲岄潰錛堢淮淇鎵嬫満鐨勫湴鏂逛竴鑸閮芥湁鍐欑爜鍣錛夈
銆銆瀵逛簬涓繪澘鎹熷潖鐨勬晠闅滐紝鏈夌殑鍙鑳芥槸鍥犱負涓繪澘鐢ㄤ箙鍚庣數奼犳紡娑插艱嚧鐢佃礬鏉垮彂闇夛紙閽堝逛互鍓嶇殑鑰佷富鏉胯岃█錛夛紝浣垮緱涓繪澘鏃犳硶姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔錛屽規ゆ垜浠鍙浠ュ瑰叾榪涜屽交搴曟竻媧楃湅鑳藉惁瑙ｅ喅闂棰橈紝姝ゆ柟娉曡繕瀵逛富鏉垮悇鎻掓Ы鐨勬帴瑙︿笉鑹鏈夋不鏍逛箣濡欍
銆銆浜屻佷富鏉緾OM鍙ｆ垨騫惰屽彛銆両DE鍙ｆ崯鍧
銆銆鍑虹幇姝ょ被鏁呴殰涓鑸鏄鐢變簬鐢ㄦ埛甯︾數鎻掓嫈鐩稿叧紜浠墮犳垚錛屾ゆ椂鐢ㄦ埛鍙浠ョ敤澶氬姛鑳藉崱浠ｆ浛錛屼絾鍦ㄤ唬鏇誇箣鍓嶅繀欏誨厛紱佹涓繪澘涓婅嚜甯︾殑COM鍙ｄ笌騫惰屽彛錛堟湁鐨勪富鏉胯繛IDE鍙ｉ兘瑕佺佹㈡柟鑳芥ｅ父浣跨敤錛夈
銆銆涓夈丆MOS璁劇疆涓嶈兘淇濆瓨
銆銆姝ょ被鏁呴殰涓鑸鏄鐢變簬宸炰緧涓繪澘鐢墊睜鐢靛帇涓嶈凍閫犳垚錛屽規や簣浠ユ洿鎹㈠嵆鍙錛屼絾鏈夌殑涓繪澘鐢墊睜鏇存崲鍚庡悓鏍蜂笉鑳借В鍐抽棶棰橈紝姝ゆ椂鏈変袱縐嶅彲鑳斤細1銆佷富鏉跨數璺闂棰橈紝瀵規よ佹壘涓撲笟浜哄憳緇翠慨錛2銆佷富鏉緾MOS璺崇嚎闂棰橈紝鏈夌殑鍥犱負浜轟負鏁呴殰錛屽皢涓繪澘涓婄殑CMOS璺崇嚎璁句負娓呴櫎閫夐」錛屼嬌寰桟MOS鏁版嵁鏃犳硶淇濆瓨銆
銆銆鍥涖佸湪windows涓嬭澆鍏ヤ富鏉塊┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忓悗鍑虹幇姝繪満鎴栧厜椹辮葷洏閫熷害鍙樻參鐨勭幇璞
銆銆鍦ㄤ竴浜涢潪鍚嶇墝涓繪澘涓婄瑪鑰呮浘澶氭￠亣鍒拌繃姝ょ被鐜拌薄錛屽皢涓繪澘椹卞姩紼嬪簭瑁呭畬鍚庯紝閲嶆柊鍚鍔ㄨ＄畻鏈轟笉鑳戒互姝ｅ父妯″紡榪涘叆win98妗岄潰錛岃屼笖璇ラ┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忓湪windows98涓嬩笉鑳借鍗歌澆錛屼嬌鐢ㄦ埛涓嶅緱涓嶉噸鏂板畨瑁呯郴緇熴
銆銆鍦ㄦ煇浜涙潅蹇椾笂瑙佸埌瑁呭叆涓繪澘椹卞姩紼嬪簭鑳藉熸彁楂樹富鏈洪熷害錛屽炲己緋葷粺紼沖畾鎬ф柟闈㈢殑涓浜涙枃絝狅紝浣嗗氨鎴戜簲騫翠互鏉ョ殑鐢佃剳緇存姢緇忛獙鑰岃█鍗存槸鏈鏇炬劅瑙夊埌姝や簨錛屼互鎴戜釜浜虹粡楠岃岃█錛岄櫎闈炲湪win98涓嬪瓨鍦ㄨ懼囧啿紿侊紝鍏跺畠鐨勫氨娌℃湁蹇呰佽呬富鏉塊┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忎簡銆
銆銆浜斻佸畨瑁厀indows鎴栧惎鍔╳indows鏃墮紶鏍囦笉鍙鐢
銆銆鍏銆佺數鑴戦戠箒姝繪満錛屽嵆浣垮湪CMOS璁劇疆閲屼篃浼氬嚭鐜版繪満鐜拌薄
㈣ 浠涔堟槸cmos璁劇疆錛熶負浜嗕繚璇佺數鑴戞ｅ父宸ヤ綔錛屾渶綆渚跨殑璁劇疆鏂規硶鏄浠涔堬紵
涓嶈佹妸姒傚康娣鋒穯浜嗐備笉鏄浣犵悊瑙ｇ殑榪欐牱鐨勩
BIOS
鍦ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ＄畻鏈虹殑榪囩▼涓錛屽厤涓嶄簡瑕佸拰涓繪澘涓婄殑BIOS銆丆MOS鎵撲氦閬擄紝涓嬮潰浠嬬粛涓涓嬭繖鏂歸潰鐨勫父璇嗐
BIOS
BIOS錛屽嵆寰鏈虹殑鍩烘湰杈撳叆杈撳嚭緋葷粺(Basic Input錛峅utput System)錛屾槸闆嗘垚鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂鐨勪竴涓猂OM鑺鐗囷紝鍏朵腑淇濆瓨鏈夊井鏈虹郴緇熸渶閲嶈佺殑鍩烘湰杈撳叆錛忚緭鍑虹▼搴忋佺郴緇熶俊鎮璁劇疆銆佸紑鏈轟笂鐢佃嚜媯紼嬪簭鍜岀郴緇熷惎鍔ㄨ嚜涓劇▼搴忋傚湪涓繪澘涓婂彲浠ョ湅鍒癇IOS ROM鑺鐗囥備竴鍧椾富鏉挎ц兘浼樿秺涓庡惁錛屽湪涓瀹氱▼搴︿笂鍙栧喅浜庢澘涓婄殑BIOS綆＄悊榪熷村姛鑳芥槸鍚﹀厛榪涖傚湪BIOS涓涓昏佹湁錛
1.BIOS涓鏂渚嬬▼
鍗矪IOS涓鏂鏈嶅姟紼嬪簭銆傚畠鏄寰鏈虹郴緇熻蔣銆佺‖浠朵箣闂寸殑涓涓鍙緙栫▼鎺ュ彛錛屾槸璁＄畻鏈轟腑鏈搴曞眰鐨勮蔣浠訛紝鐢ㄤ簬紼嬪簭杞浠跺姛鑳戒笌寰鏈虹‖浠跺疄鐜扮殑琛嶆帴錛屽逛簬鍚屼竴璁＄畻鏈哄畨瑁呯殑鍚勭嶄笉鍚岀殑鎿嶄綔緋葷粺錛屽叾BIOS閮芥槸鐩稿悓鐨勩傚彲浠ヨや負錛孊IOS鏄鍚勭嶆搷浣滅郴緇熺殑鍏卞悓閮ㄥ垎銆侱OS錛廤indows錛 Unix鎿嶄綔緋葷粺瀵硅蔣銆佺‖鐩樸佸厜椹變笌閿鐩樸佹樉紺哄櫒絳夊栧洿璁懼囩殑綆＄悊閮藉緩絝嬪湪緋葷粺BIOS鐨勫熀紜涓娿傜▼搴忓憳涔熷彲浠ラ氳繃瀵笽NT 5銆両NT 13絳変腑鏂鐩存帴璋冪敤BIOS涓鏂渚嬬▼銆
2.BIOS緋葷粺璁劇疆紼嬪簭
寰鏈洪儴浠墮厤緗鎯呭喌鏄鏀懼湪涓鍧楀彲璇誨啓鐨凜MOS RAM鑺鐗囦腑鐨勶紝瀹冧繚瀛樼潃緋葷粺CPU銆佽蔣紜鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒銆佹樉紺哄櫒銆侀敭鐩樼瓑閮ㄤ歡鐨勪俊鎮銆傚叧鏈哄悗錛岀郴緇熼氳繃涓鍧楀悗澶囩數奼犲悜CMOS渚涚數浠ヤ繚鎸佸叾涓鐨勪俊鎮銆傚傛灉CMOS涓鍏充簬寰鏈虹殑閰嶇疆淇℃伅涓嶆ｇ『錛屼細瀵艱嚧緋葷粺鎬ц兘闄嶄綆銆侀浂閮ㄤ歡涓嶈兘璇嗗埆錛屽苟鐢辨ゅ紩鍙戠郴緇熺殑杞紜浠舵晠闅溿傚湪BIOS ROM鑺鐗囦腑瑁呮湁涓涓紼嬪簭縐頒負鈥滅郴緇熻劇疆紼嬪簭鈥濓紝灝辨槸鐢ㄦ潵璁劇疆CMOS RAM涓鐨勫弬鏁扮殑銆傝繖涓紼嬪簭涓鑸鍦ㄥ紑鏈烘椂鎸変笅涓涓鎴栦竴緇勯敭鍗沖彲榪涘叆錛屽畠鎻愪緵浜嗚壇濂界殑鐣岄潰渚涚敤鎴蜂嬌鐢ㄣ傝繖涓璁劇疆CMOS鍙傛暟鐨勮繃紼嬶紝涔犳儻涓婁篃縐頒負鈥淏IOS璁劇疆鈥濓紝涔熸湁縐扳淐MOS璁劇疆鈥濈殑銆傛柊璐鐨勫井鏈烘垨鏂板炰簡閮ㄤ歡鐨勭郴緇燂紝涓鑸閮介渶榪涜孊IOS璁劇疆銆
3.POST涓婄數鑷媯
寰鏈烘帴閫氱數婧愬悗錛岀郴緇熷皢鏈変竴涓瀵瑰唴閮ㄥ悇涓璁懼囪繘琛屾鏌ョ殑榪囩▼錛岃繖鏄鐢變竴涓閫氬父縐頒箣涓篜OST(Power On Self Test錛屼笂鐢佃嚜媯)鐨勭▼搴忔潵瀹屾垚鐨勩傝繖涔熸槸BIOS鐨勪竴涓鍔熻兘銆傚畬鏁寸殑POST鑷媯灝嗗寘鎷珻PU銆640K鍩烘湰鍐呭瓨銆1M浠ヤ笂鐨勬墿灞曞唴瀛樸丷OM銆佷富鏉褲丆MOS瀛樺偍鍣ㄣ佷覆騫跺彛銆佹樉紺哄崱銆佽蔣紜鐩樺瓙緋葷粺鍙婇敭鐩樻祴璇曘傝嚜媯涓鑻ュ彂鐜伴棶棰橈紝緋葷粺灝嗙粰鍑烘彁紺轟俊鎮鎴栭福絎涜﹀憡銆
4.BIOS緋葷粺鍚鍔ㄨ嚜涓劇▼搴
鍦ㄥ畬鎴怭OST鑷媯鍚庯紝ROM BIOS灝嗘寜鐓х郴緇烠MOS璁劇疆涓鐨勫惎鍔ㄩ『搴忔悳瀵昏蔣銆佺‖鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒鍙奀DROM銆佺綉緇滄湇鍔″櫒絳夋湁鏁堢殑鍚鍔ㄩ┍鍔ㄥ櫒錛岃誨叆鎿嶄綔緋葷粺寮曞艱板綍錛岀劧鍚庡皢緋葷粺鎺у埗鏉冧氦緇欏紩瀵艱板綍錛岀敱寮曞艱板綍瀹屾垚緋葷粺鐨勫惎鍔ㄣ
CMOS
CMOS錛堟湰鎰忔槸鎸囦簰琛ラ噾灞炴哀鍖栫墿鍗婂間綋錛屼竴縐嶅ぇ瑙勬ā搴旂敤浜庨泦鎴愮數璺鑺鐗囧埗閫犵殑鍘熸枡錛夋槸寰鏈轟富鏉誇笂鐨勪竴鍧楀彲璇誨啓鐨凴AM鑺鐗囷紝鐢ㄦ潵淇濆瓨褰撳墠緋葷粺鐨勭‖浠墮厤緗鍜岀敤鎴峰規煇浜涘弬鏁扮殑璁懼畾鍊箋侰MOS鍙鐢變富鏉跨殑鐢墊睜渚涚數錛屽嵆浣跨郴緇熸帀鐢碉紝淇℃伅涔熶笉浼氫涪澶便
CMOS RAM鏈韜鍙鏄涓鍧楀瓨鍌ㄥ櫒錛屽彧鏈夋暟鎹淇濆瓨鍔熻兘錛岃屽笴MOS涓鍚勯」鍙傛暟鐨勮懼畾瑕侀氳繃涓婇潰璋堝埌鐨勮劇疆紼嬪簭瀹屾垚鐨勩傛棭鏈熺殑CMOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭椹葷暀鍦ㄨ蔣鐩樹笂鐨(濡侷BM鐨凱C錛廇T鏈哄瀷)錛屼嬌鐢ㄥ緢涓嶆柟渚褲傜幇鍦–MOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭鍥哄寲鍦˙IOS鑺鐗囦腑錛屽湪寮鏈烘椂閫氳繃鐗瑰畾鐨勬寜閿灝卞彲榪涘叆CMOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭鏂逛究鍦板圭郴緇熻繘琛岃劇疆銆
鐜板湪鐨凜MOS RAM涓鑸閮芥湁128瀛楄妭鍙婅嚦256瀛楄妭鐨勫歸噺銆備負淇濇寔鍏煎規э紝鍚凚IOS鍘傚晢閮藉皢鑷綰崇僵宸辯殑BIOS涓鍏充簬CMOS RAM鐨勫墠64瀛楄妭鍐呭圭殑璁劇疆緇熶竴涓嶮C146818A鐨凜MOS RAM鏍煎紡涓鑷達紝鑰屽湪鎵╁睍鍑烘潵鐨勯儴鍒嗗姞鍏ヨ嚜宸辯殑鐗規畩璁劇疆錛屾墍浠ヤ笉鍚屽巶瀹剁殑BIOS鑺鐗囦竴鑸涓嶈兘浜掓崲錛屽嵆浣挎槸鑳戒簰鎹㈢殑錛屼簰鎹㈠悗涔熻佸笴MOS淇℃伅閲嶆柊璁劇疆浠ョ『淇濈郴緇熸ｅ父榪愯屻
BIOS鍗囩駭
鐜板湪濂旇吘綰т互涓婄殑涓繪澘涓婄殑BIOS澶ч兘閲囩敤鐢靛彲鎿︽柊鐨凢lsah Memory鍙璇誨瓨鍌ㄥ櫒涓鴻澆浣擄紝榪欏氨涓築IOS鐨勫崌綰у甫鏉ユ瀬澶х殑鏂逛究銆
Flash Memory鏄涓縐嶆柊鍨嬮潪鎸ュ彂鎬у瓨鍌ㄥ櫒錛屼腑鏂囪瘧鍚嶄負蹇鎿﹀瀷瀛樺偍鍣(鏈夌殑涔熻瘧涓洪棯閫熷瓨鍌ㄥ櫒),鏄鏃ユ湰涓滆姖鍏鍙鎬簬1980騫寸敵璇蜂笓鍒╋紝騫跺湪1984騫寸殑鍥介檯鍗婂間綋瀛︽湳浼氳涓婇栧厛鐮佽寗閾跺彂琛ㄧ殑,鍏峰囬珮閫熸э紝鍙浠ユ暣鍧楄姱鐗囩數鎿﹂櫎銆佽楃數浣庛侀泦鎴愬害楂樸佷綋縐灝忋佸彲闈犳ч珮銆佹棤闇鍚庡囩數奼犳敮鎸併佸彲閲嶆柊鏀瑰啓銆侀噸澶嶄嬌鐢ㄦуソ錛堣嚦灝戝彲鍙嶅嶄嬌鐢10涓囨′互涓婏級絳変紭鐐廣
鍥犳わ紝鍒╃敤Flash Memory瀛樺偍涓繪澘鐨凚IOS紼嬪簭錛屽垯浣緽IOS鍗囩駭闈炲父瀹規槗銆傜幇鍦ㄧ殑Pentium銆丳entium 鈪′富鏉挎櫘閬嶄嬌鐢‵lash Memory鍒朵綔BIOS鑺鐗囥
1.Flash Memory BIOS鍗囩駭
鐩鍓嶅悕鐗屼富鏉跨敓浜у巶瀹跺傚崕紜曘佹搗媧嬬瓑錛屼負浜嗙敤鎴峰崌綰BIOS鐨勯渶瑕侊紝涓鑸閮介噰鍙栦簡浠ヤ笅鎺鏂斤細
(1)鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂璁劇疆涓涓璺崇嚎錛岀敤鏉ラ夋嫨FLASH ROM鐘舵侊紝騫蟲椂緗浜庝繚鎶ょ姸鎬侊紝浣緽IOS鍧氫笉鍙鎽э紝瑕佸崌綰ф椂璺寵嚦鍙鏀瑰啓鐘舵侊紝灝卞彲鍍忓啓RAM涓鏍鋒洿鏂癇IOS銆
(2)鍦ㄩ殢鏉塊檮閫佺殑椹卞姩紼嬪簭鐩樹腑甯︽湁鏀瑰啓FLASH ROM鐨勭▼搴忥紝鍙浠ユ柟渚垮湴鍗囩駭鍜屽囦喚
BIOS銆
(3)緇忓父緙栧埗鍑烘柊鐨凚IOS紼嬪簭鍦ㄥ競闈涓婃祦閫氭垨鏀懼湪鍥犵壒緗戜笂渚涘叾涓繪澘鐢ㄦ埛涓嬭澆銆
?涓鑸現lash Memory BIOS鍗囩駭鐨勮繃紼
涓鑸涓繪澘涓婃湁鍏充簬Flash ROM鐨勮煩綰垮紑鍏崇敤浜庤劇疆BIOS鐨勫彧璇伙紡鍙璇誨啓鐘舵併
(1)鍒朵綔涓寮犳棤CONFIG.SYS鍜孉UTOEXEC.BAT鏂囦歡鐨勭郴緇熺洏錛屽苟鎷瘋礉Flash ROM鍗囩駭鐨勫伐鍏風▼搴忋傝ュ伐鍏風▼搴忎竴鑸鐢變富鏉塊檮甯︾殑椹卞姩紼嬪簭鐩樻彁渚涖侳lash BIOS鍗囩駭宸ュ叿紼嬪簭涓昏佸姛鑳芥槸錛
鈼囦繚瀛樺師鏈塀IOS鏁版嵁(Save Current BIOS To File)
鈼囨洿鏂癇IOS鏁版嵁(Update BIOS Block From File)
鈼囧叾瀹冨姛鑳(Advanced Features)
(2)鍑嗗囧ソ鏂扮増BIOS鐨勭▼搴忔暟鎹銆備竴鑸闇瑕佸埌Internet鎴朆BS涓婁笅杞姐傚崌綰у墠媯鏌BIOS鏁版嵁鐨勭紪鍙峰強鏃ユ湡錛岀『璁ゅ畠姣斾綘浣跨敤鐨凚IOS鏂幫紝鍚屾椂涔熷簲媯鏌ュ畠涓庝綘鎵鐢ㄧ殑BIOS鏄鍚︽槸鍚屼竴浜у搧緋誨垪錛屽傦細TX鑺鐗囩粍鐨凚IOS涓嶅疁鐢ㄤ簬VX鐨勪富鏉匡紝閬垮厤鍑虹幇鍏煎規ч棶棰樸
(3)鍏蟲満鍚庯紝鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂鎵懼埌涓繪澘涓婃湁鍏矲lash ROM鐨勮誨啓鐘舵佽煩綰垮紑鍏籌紝灝嗗叾璁劇疆涓哄彲鍐(Enable鎴朩rite)鐘舵併
(4)鐢ㄥ噯澶囧ソ鐨勭郴緇熺洏閲嶆柊鍚鍔錛屽苟榪愯屽崌綰у伐鍏風▼搴忋
(5)棣栧厛閫夋嫨淇濆瓨鍔熻兘灝嗗師BIOS鏁版嵁淇濆瓨鍒拌蔣鐩樹笂錛屽瓨涓轟竴涓鏂囦歡錛岀敤浜庡崌綰уけ璐ユ椂鎮㈠嶅師鏈塀IOS銆傜劧鍚庤呭叆鏂癇IOS鏁版嵁鐩橈紝閫夋嫨鏇存柊BIOS鏁版嵁錛岃緭鍏ユ柊BIOS鐨勬枃浠跺悕錛屽畬鎴怋IOS鐨勫崌綰с
娉錛氭湁鐨凚IOS鍗囩駭宸ュ叿鍙鍗囩駭涓昏佺殑妯″潡錛屽傛灉瀹冨彂鐜版柊鐨凚IOS涓庡師BIOS鏈夊緢澶т笉鍚岋紝浼氱粰浜堟彁紺哄苟寤鴻浣跨敤鐩稿簲閫夐」瀵規暣涓狟IOS鍗囩駭(鍖呮嫭BIOS鍚鍔ㄦā鍧楀拰PnP ESCD鍙傛暟鍖)銆
(6)鍗囩駭緇撴潫鍚庯紝璁扮潃灝嗕富鏉誇笂鍏充簬Flash EEPROM鐨勮煩綰挎敼鍥炲彧璇葷姸鎬併
(7)閲嶆柊鍚鍔錛屽苟榪涘叆BIOS璁劇疆鐘舵侊紝瀹屾垚BIOS鍙傛暟璁劇疆銆
?涓嶅叿鍗囩駭鏉′歡鐨凢lash ROM鐨勫崌綰
鏉傜墝鐨勪富鏉垮線寰灝變笉鍏峰囦笂榪頒笁涓鍗囩駭鏉′歡錛岃櫧鐒剁敤鐨勪篃鏄嫻佽岀殑Flash ROM錛屽嵈娌℃湁鑳界疆鍏朵負鏀瑰啓鐘舵佺殑璺崇嚎錛屼簬鏄疐lash ROM璺熻佺殑ROM銆丒PROM娌′粈涔堜袱鏍楓傛病鏈夐┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忕洏錛屾病鏈夋敼鍐欏伐鍏鳳紝褰撶劧灝辨洿涓嶄細鏈夋柊鐨凚IOS紼嬪簭渚涘崌綰т簡銆
涓鑸鍙浠ュ熺敤鍏跺畠涓繪澘鐨勫伐鍏風▼搴忥紝濡侫ward鍏鍙哥殑灝忓伐鍏稟wdflash.exe錛屽叏縐版槸Flash Memory Writer V5.3.0,紼嬪簭榪愯屽悗錛屽氨鏄劇ず鍑轟富鏉緽IOS鐨勫唴閮ㄤ唬鍙峰拰鏃ユ湡錛岀劧鍚庤㈤棶鍗囩駭鏂囦歡鐨勫悕縐幫紝閿鍏ュ悕縐板悗錛岀▼搴忎細闂鏄鍚﹁佸圭幇鏈夌殑BIOS鍋氬囦喚錛岄敭鍏Y鎴朜鍚庯紙閫塝鍒欒佹眰杈撳叆澶囦喚鏂囦歡鍚嶏級錛岀▼搴忎細鍐嶄竴嬈¤佹眰紜璁わ紝紜璁ゅ悗錛岀▼搴忓氨浼氬厛瀵圭幇鏈塀IOS鍋氬囦喚錛堝傛灉鍒氭墠閫夌殑鏄痀錛夛紝鍐嶅紑濮嬪啓鍏ユ柊鐨凚IOS銆傚睆騫曚笂浼氬嚭鐜頒竴涓鍐欏叆榪涘害鎸囩ず鍣錛屽傛灉Flash ROM 澶勪簬涓嶅彲鏀瑰啓鐘舵佹垨鏂扮殑BIOS鏂囦歡涓庝富鏉誇笉鍖歸厤錛屽氨浼氬嚭鐜伴敊璇淇℃伅鈥淓rase Chip Fail!鈥濄
BIOS鍗囩駭鏂囦歡鍙浠ョ敱鍚屽瀷鍙風殑鏂頒富鏉誇笂澶囦喚寰楀埌錛屽嵆鐢ㄤ笂榪板伐鍏峰規柊涓繪澘鐨凚IOS鍋氫竴涓澶囦喚錛屾嬁鏉ュ仛涓烘棫BIOS鐨勫崌綰ф枃浠躲
鏈鍥伴毦鐨勫氨鏄榪欑涓変釜闂棰樸傚備綍灝咶lash ROM緗涓哄彲鍐欏叆鐘舵侊紵涓鑸涓繪澘鐨凢lash ROM 鏈変笁縐嶉夋嫨錛5V銆12V鍜屽彲緙栫▼EPROM錛屾寜鐞嗚存槸涓嶅彲浠ラ殢渚胯皟鏁碏lash ROM鐨勭被鍨嬬殑錛屾ゆ椂鍙灝嗚煩綰胯煩鑷矱PROM妗ｏ紝寮鏈哄悗錛屽嵆鍙榪愯屽崌綰у伐鍏風▼搴忋傝繘搴︽寚紺哄櫒璧板畬涔嬪悗錛屽叧鏈猴紝璺崇嚎璺沖洖5V錛岄噸鍚鍔ㄧ數鑴戱紝BIOS鏇存柊瀹屾垚銆
娉錛氬叧浜庡崌綰BIOS闇瑕佹敞鎰忥細絎涓錛岃佹湁鍖歸厤鐨勫崌綰у伐鍏峰拰鍗囩駭鏂囦歡錛屼笉鍙涔辯敤錛涚浜岋紝鐢變簬Flash ROM璇誨嚭蹇鑰屽啓鍏ラ熷害鎱錛屾晠鍗囩駭鏃墮渶瑕佸嶮鍑犵掓椂闂達紝鑰屽湪榪欐墊椂闂撮噷鍐充笉鍙閲嶆柊鍚鍔ㄦ垨鍏蟲満錛涚涓夛紝BIOS鍗囩駭鍚庡簲璇ラ┈涓婂叧鏈猴紝鎶奆lash ROM緗鍥炰繚鎶ょ姸鎬侊紝浠ュ厤BIOS琚鐮村潖銆傚彟澶栵紝Awdflash.exe榪愯屾椂涓嶈兘鏈塃mm386鍙婄被浼肩▼搴忛┗鐣欏唴瀛樸
2.BIOS鍗囩駭澶辮觸鍚庣殑澶勭悊
(1)鏈塀IOS澶囦喚鐨勫勭悊鏂規硶
Flash BIOS鍗囩駭澶辮觸寰寰瀵艱嚧緋葷粺鐦鐥錛屾棤娉曞惎鍔ㄣ傞亣鍒拌繖縐嶆儏鍐碉紝鍙鑳戒緷闈燘IOS涓鍥哄寲鐨凚OOT BLOCK鏉ユ仮澶岯IOS鍐呭廣
灝咮IOS鍗囩駭鐢ㄨ蔣鐩樻彃鍏ュ惎鍔ㄨ蔣椹憋紝寮鍚璁＄畻鏈猴紝鐒跺悗榪愯孊IOS鍗囩駭宸ュ叿紼嬪簭錛屽熷姪杞鐩樹笂鐨凚IOS澶囦喚錛岄噸鍐欐暣涓狟IOS鍗沖彲銆
涓浜涗富鏉跨殑BIOS BOOT BLOCK鍙鍥哄寲浜咺SA鏄劇ず鍗￠┍鍔ㄧ▼搴忋傚傛灉浣犱嬌鐢ㄧ殑鏄疨CI鏄懼崱騫朵笖鍗囩駭澶辮觸鍚庡紑鏈烘棤鏄劇ず錛屽簲璇ヨ冭檻鏇存崲ISA鏄劇ず鍗¤瘯涓涓嬨
(2)鏃燘IOS澶囦喚鐨勫勭悊鏂規硶
濡傛灉鍗囩駭鍓嶆病鏈塀IOS鐨勫囦喚錛孊IOS鍗囩駭澶辮觸錛屾ゆ椂鎯崇敤杞鏂規硶鎮㈠嶆満鍣ㄥ凡緇忔槸娌℃湁涓嬫墜鐨勫彲鑳戒簡錛屽洜涓烘満鍣ㄥ凡緇忔槸褰誨交搴曞簳鐨勬棤娉曞惎鍔ㄣ傜板埌榪欑嶆儏鍐墊椂璇ユ庝箞鍔炲憿錛
棣栧厛瑕佹壘鍒板悓涓涓繪澘鍨嬪彿鐨凚IOS ROM錛屼繚璇佸叾涓鐨凚IOS淇℃伅涓庝綘鐨勭浉鍚岋紙鍥犱負閲囩敤鍒鐨 BIOS ROM涓鑸閮介毦浠ユ洿鏂版垚鍔燂級銆傚叧鎺夌數婧愶紝鎷斿嚭涓繪澘涓婂師鏈夌殑BIOS ROM鑺鐗囷紝涓瀹氳侀潪甯稿皬蹇冿紝涓嶈佸紕鏂浜嗗紩鑴氾紱杞昏交鎻掑叆濂界殑BIOS ROM鑺鐗囷紝涓嶈佹彃寰楀お娣憋紝鍙瑕佷繚璇佹満鍣ㄨ兘鍚鍔ㄥ氨琛岋紱灝嗕富鏉誇笂鎺у埗鏇存柊BIOS淇℃伅鐨勮煩綰胯劇疆涓烘湁鏁堬紙榛樿や負鏃犳晥錛屽嵆淇濇姢鐘舵侊級錛涘惎鍔ㄦ満鍣錛岃╃郴緇熻繍琛屽湪瀹炴ā寮忎笅錛屽嵆鍐呭瓨涓嶈侀┗鐣欒薄HIMEM.SYS鎴朎MM386.EXE榪欐牱鐨勭▼搴忥紱鎷斿嚭濂界殑BIOS ROM鑺鐗囷紝鎻掑叆鈥滃潖鈥濈殑BIOS ROM鑺鐗囷紝姝ゆ椂涓嶈兘鍏蟲満錛屽洜涓鴻佸埄鐢ㄩ┗鐣欏湪鍐呭瓨涓鐨凚IOS淇℃伅錛堢儹鎷旀彃鉶芥槸緇翠慨鐨勪竴澶у繉錛屼絾姝ゆ椂鍞鏈夊嚭姝や笅絳栦簡錛屼笉榪囧彧瑕佺粏蹇冿紝涓鑸涓嶄細鍑洪棶棰橈級錛涜繍琛孊IOS鍗囩駭紼嬪簭錛岀劧鍚庢寜涓繪澘璇存槑涔﹁勫畾鐨勬ラよ繘琛屾搷浣滐紝鐩村埌鎻愮ず鏇存柊鎴愬姛涓烘銆傝繖鏃朵綘榪樺緱娉ㄦ剰鐪嬫彁紺虹殑鏇存柊瀛楄妭鏁版槸鍚︿笌浣犵殑BIOS ROM鍧楀歸噺澶у皬鐩哥瓑錛堜富鏉胯存槑涔﹂兘鏈夋ゅぇ灝忥紝濡傚崕紜曠殑涓128KB錛屽嵆1FFF瀛楄妭錛夛紝鑻ョ浉絳夛紝涓鑸鏇存柊閮芥垚鍔熶簡錛涙渶鍚庨鍑虹▼搴忥紝鍏蟲満鍐嶅惎鍔錛堜笉鏄鐑鍚鍔錛夛紝鍙瑕佸惎鍔ㄦ垚鍔燂紝灝卞ｅ竷澶у姛鍛婃垚浜嗐
CMOS璁劇疆
CMOS涓瀛樻斁鐫璁＄畻鏈虹‖浠墮厤緗鍜岃懼畾鐨勫ぇ閲忔暟鎹錛屾槸璁＄畻鏈烘ｅ父鍚鍔ㄥ拰宸ヤ綔鐨勫厛鍐蟲潯浠躲傚傛灉榪欎簺鏁版嵁涓㈠け鎴栬劇疆涓嶅綋錛岃交鍒欏伐浣滀笉姝ｅ父錛岄噸鍒欎笉鑳藉惎鍔ㄥ拰宸ヤ綔銆傚洜姝ゆｇ『璁劇疆鍜屼繚鎶ゅソCOMS涓鐨勬暟鎹錛屽瑰畨鍏ㄤ嬌鐢ㄨ＄畻鏈烘槸鑷沖叧閲嶈佺殑銆
鐢變簬涓縐岰MOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭寰寰鍙閫傜敤浜庝竴綾繪垨鍑犵被涓繪澘錛岀敋鑷沖悓涓鍨嬪彿鐨勪富鏉誇篃鍙鑳戒細鏈変笉鍚岀殑閰嶇疆錛屾墍浠ヨ昏呰繕欏繪椿瀛︽椿鐢ㄣ佸洜鍦板埗瀹溿備竴鑸鐨勪富鏉胯存槑涔︿笂閮芥湁杈冭︾粏鐨凜MOS錛圔IOS錛夎劇疆璇存槑錛屽彧瑕佺粏蹇冮槄璇伙紝閫愭潯娑堝寲錛岄愭潯瀹屾垚璁劇疆錛屽氨鍙浠ユ渶緇堝畬鎴愬叏閮ㄨ劇疆錛屼嬌緋葷粺姝ｅ父楂樻晥鍦拌繍琛屻備笅闈㈠氨涓浜涘甫鍏辨х殑闅句互璁劇疆鐨勫弬鏁頒綔涓浜涗粙緇嶃
1.涓繪澘涓婇泦鎴愬栬劇鍙ｇ殑璁劇疆鏂規硶
褰撳墠鐨勫井鏈轟富鏉誇笂錛岄泦鎴愪簡閮ㄥ垎澶栬劇鍙ｏ紝涓嬩互AWARD BIOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭涓轟緥浣滅畝鍗曚粙緇嶃
鏃т富鏉誇笂闆嗘垚絝鍙ｇ殑璁劇疆涓鑸鍒嗘暎鍦ㄢ淪TANDRD COMS SETUP鈥濄佲淏IOS FATURES SETUP(鎴朅DVNCED CMOS SETUP錛夆濆拰鈥淐HIPSET FEATURES SETUP錛堟垨ADVANCED CHIPSET SETUP錛夆濅腑錛屽湪濂旇吘綰т互涓婄殑涓繪澘涓鐨凚IOS涓鏂板炰簡鈥淚NTGRATED PERIPHERALS鈥濋夐」涓撻棬瀵規澘涓婇泦鎴愮鍙ｈ繘琛岃劇疆銆傚父瑙佺殑閫夐」濡備笅錛
鈼嘜NBOARD FDD CONTROLLER 杞鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒鎺ュ彛
鈼嘜NBARD PCI IDE ENABLE PCI IDE鎺ュ彛
浠ヤ笂涓ら」鍒嗗埆鐢ㄤ簬璁劇疆涓繪澘涓婅蔣椹辨帶鍒跺櫒鍜孖DE鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑浣跨敤鐘舵侊紝鍏惰劇疆鍊煎彲浠ラ夋嫨Enable鎴朌isabled銆傚綋杞椹辨帴鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂鐨勮蔣椹辨帴鍙ｆ垨鑰呯‖鐩樸佸厜椹辨帴鍦ㄤ富鏉誇笂鐨処DE鎺ュ彛鏃訛紝搴旇ヨ劇疆涓篍nabled錛涘傛灉涓嶄嬌鐢ㄤ富鏉誇笂鐨勮蔣鐩橀┍鍔ㄥ櫒鎺ュ彛錛岃佸彟澶栦嬌鐢ㄥ氬姛鑳藉崱涓婄殑鎺ュ彛錛屽垯璇ラ」搴旇ヨ句負Disabled銆傚傛灉鏈哄櫒鍙戠敓鏁呴殰錛屾鐤戜富鏉誇笂鐨勬帴鍙ｇ數璺鏈夐棶棰橈紝鍙浠ユ妸璇ラ」璁劇疆涓篋isabled錛屽啀鍔犺呬竴鍧楀氬姛鑳藉崱璇曚竴璇曘
鈼嘔DE HDD BLOCK MODE 紜鐩橈紙鏁版嵁錛夊潡浼犺緭妯″紡
鏈欏規槸鎸囧湪姣忔′腑鏂鏃訛紝涓嬈′紶閫佽懼畾鐨勬墖鍖烘暟鐨勬暟鎹錛屼互鎻愰珮璁塊棶紜鐩樼殑閫熷害銆傚彧鏈夊綋閰嶇疆鐨勭‖鐩樻敮鎸佸潡妯″紡鏃訛紝鎵嶈兘璁劇疆涓哄潡妯″紡宸ヤ綔鏂瑰紡錛屽惁鍒欏簲紱佹㈡寜姝ゆā寮忓伐浣滐紝浠ラ伩鍏嶇‖鐩樿塊棶鍑洪敊銆傛湰鍙傛暟鐨勮懼畾鍊煎湪涓嶅悓鐨凚IOS鐗堟湰涓涓嶅畬鍏ㄧ浉鍚岋紝涓鑸涓篈UTO錛廜ptimal錛廌isabled銆傞夋嫨AUTO鏃訛紝灝嗘寜鐓х‖鐩樿嚜鍔ㄦ嫻嬪姛鑳界殑鎶ュ憡鍊間綔涓烘暟鎹浼犻佺殑鎵囧尯鏁幫紱鑻ラ塐ptimal鍒欎互鏈浣崇己鐪佽劇疆鍊間負璇ユ墖鍖烘暟錛涜嫢閫塂isabled鍒欑佹㈡湰妯″紡宸ヤ綔銆傛湁鐨凚IOS鐗堟湰涓鐨勯夋嫨鍊間腑緇欏嚭浜嗘瘡嬈′紶閫佺殑鎵囧尯鏁幫紝渚嬪傚崕紜昉2L97AGP涓繪澘BIOS涓鐨勮懼畾鍊兼湁錛欻DD MAX銆丏isabled銆2銆4銆8銆16銆32錛屽叾涓鐨勬暟瀛楀氨琛ㄧず鍙璁劇疆鐨勬墖鍖烘暟銆傜┒絝熻劇疆浠涔堝煎悎閫傦紝搴旀牴鎹鏈哄櫒鐨勯厤緗鑰屽畾錛屽傛灉紜鐩樻病鏈夌粰鍑哄叿浣撹存槑錛屼笉濡ㄥ氳瘯鍑犳★紝灝辮兘鎵懼嚭鍚堥傜殑璁劇疆鍊箋傚逛簬鏌愪簺紜鐩樹駭鍝侊紝璁劇疆涓哄潡浼犺緭妯″紡鏃惰櫧鐒跺伐浣滈熷害杈冨揩錛屼絾鏈夊彲鑳藉湪涓庢煇浜涜蔣浠舵垨紜浠墮厤鍚堟椂鍑虹幇闂棰橈紝榪欐椂鍙鑳借劇疆涓篋isabled銆
鈼嘔DE PIO MODE IDE紜鐩樻帴鍙ｇ殑騫惰岃緭鍏ヨ緭鍑烘柟寮
PIO錛圥rogrammed Input錛廜utput??鍙緙栫▼杈撳叆杈撳嚭錛夋槸SFFC錛圫mall Form Factor Committee鈥斺斿皬褰㈢姸緋繪暟鍗忎細錛夊埗瀹氱殑涓涓瀹誇富浼犺緭鏍囧噯緋誨垪錛屽垎鍒涓篜IO MODE 1銆丳IO MODE 2銆丳IO MODE 3銆丳IO MODE 4銆丳IO MODE 5錛屾瘡涓鏍囧噯鐨勬暟鎹浼犺緭閫熺巼鏄涓嶅悓鐨勩傚湪璁劇疆鏃惰佹敞鎰忕‖鐩樻湰韜鎵鏀鎸佺殑PIO MODE鏂瑰紡錛屾墠鑳芥ｅ父宸ヤ綔銆備緥濡備竴涓紜鐩橈紝鍏舵湰韜鍙鏀鎸丳IO MODE 3錛堟暟鎹浼犺緭鐜囦負11.1MBps錛夛紝浣嗘槸鍦–MOS鍙傛暟涓琚璁劇疆涓篜IO MODE 4錛堟暟鎹浼犺緭鐜囦負16.6MBps錛夛紝緇撴灉棰戠箒鍑虹幇閿欒騫朵笖甯稿父姝繪満銆傞噸鏂拌劇疆涓篜IO MODE 3涔嬪悗鎮㈠嶆ｅ父宸ヤ綔銆
鍦˙IOS璁劇疆紼嬪簭涓錛屾湰欏逛竴鑸鍙璁句負0銆1銆2銆3銆4銆丄UTO錛屽傛灉涓嶄簡瑙ｇ‖鐩樼殑鎬ц兘鍙傛暟錛屽彲浠ュ厛璁句負AUTO錛岀劧鍚庡啀鏍規嵁瀹為檯鎯呭喌浣滆繘涓姝ョ殑璋冩暣銆
鈼嘜NBOARD SERIAL PORT鎴朞NBOARD UART 涓繪澘涓婁覆琛岄氫俊鍙ｈ劇疆
鏈欏圭敤鏉ヨ劇疆涓插彛錛堝嵆COM鍙ｏ級鐨処錛廜絝鍙ｅ湴鍧鍜屼腑鏂閫氶亾鍙楓傜洰鍓嶅旇吘綰т互涓婄殑璁＄畻鏈轟竴鑸閮芥湁涓や釜涓插彛錛岄渶瑕佸垎鍒璁劇疆銆傛湰欏規湁鑷鍔ㄨ劇疆錛屽洜涓烘湰欏瑰睘浜庣郴緇熻祫婧愬垎閰嶈屼笖涓庤懼囨ц兘鍏崇郴涓嶅ぇ錛屾墍浠ユ渶濂界敱緋葷粺鑷鍔ㄨ劇疆錛屼互鍏嶅彂鐢熷啿紿併
鎵嬪伐璁劇疆鏃禤ort 1寤鴻璁句負3F8錛廔RQ4錛堝墠鑰呬負I錛廜絝鍙ｅ湴鍧錛屽悗鑰呬負涓鏂鍙鳳級鍗矯OM1鍙ｏ紝Port 2寤鴻璁句負2F8錛廔RQ3鍗矯OM2鍙ｃ傚傛灉瑕侀厤緗鍐呯疆寮忚皟鍒惰В璋冨櫒錛圡ODE鍗★級錛屽垯瑕佸皢涓繪澘涓婄浉搴旂殑涓插彛璁句負Disabled錛屽皢璧勬簮鐣欑粰MODE鍗°
鈼嘜NBOARD PARALEL PORT 涓繪澘涓婂苟琛屾墦鍗板彛鐨勮劇疆
璁劇疆涓378錛廔RQ7鏃朵負絎涓騫惰屽彛錛岃繖鏄鏈甯哥敤鐨勮劇疆銆傚簲娉ㄦ剰鏈欏硅劇疆鏀瑰彉鏃跺彲鑳戒細涓庡０鍗′駭鐢熷啿紿侊紝渚嬪傝劇疆涓278錛廔RQ5鏃朵細涓庝竴浜涘父鐢ㄧ殑澹板崱鍙戠敓鍐茬獊銆
鈼嘜NBOARD PARALLEL MODE鎴朠ARALEL PORT MODE 涓繪澘涓婂苟琛屽彛鐨勫伐浣滄ā寮
騫惰屽彛鐨勫伐浣滄ā寮忓彲浠ヨ劇疆涓烘爣鍑嗘ā寮忥紙鍗砃oraml鎴朣PP妯″紡錛夈丒PP妯″紡銆丒CP妯″紡銆丒PP錛婨CP妯″紡銆
EPP錛圗nhanced Parallel Port鈥斺斿炲己騫惰屽彛錛夋槸鐢盜ntel銆乆ircom銆乑enith鍜屽叾瀹冧竴浜涘叕鍙稿紑鍙戠殑涓縐嶅苟琛屾帴鍙ｆ爣鍑嗭紝鐩鐨勬槸鍦ㄥ栭儴璁懼囬棿榪涜屽弻鍚戦氫俊銆傝嚜1991騫翠互鏉ョ敓浜х殑璁稿氱瑪璁版湰鐢佃剳閮介厤鏈塃PP鍙ｃ
ECP錛圗xtended Capabilities Port鈥斺旀墿灞曞苟琛屽彛錛夋槸鐢盡icrosoft鍜孒ewlett錛峆ackard寮鍙戠殑涓縐嶅苟琛屾帴鍙ｆ爣鍑嗐傚畠鍏鋒湁鍜孍PP涓鏍烽珮鐨勯熺巼鍜屽弻鍚戦氫俊鑳藉姏錛屽湪澶氫換鍔＄幆澧冧笅錛屽畠鑳戒嬌鐢―MA錛堢洿鎺ュ瓨鍌ㄥ櫒璁塊棶錛夛紝鎵闇緙撳啿鍖轟篃涓嶅ぇ錛屽洜姝よ兘鎻愪緵鏇村姞紼沖畾鐨勬ц兘銆
ECP錛廍PP鍙ｅ彲浠ユ敮鎸300KB錛弒ec鐨勯熺巼銆1993騫達紝EPP鍜孍CP瑙勬牸閮界撼鍏IEEE 1284鏍囧噯銆傚傛灉璁＄畻鏈洪厤鏈塃CP鎴朎PP騫惰屽彛錛岄偅涔堝綋鐢―CC錛堢洿鎺ョ數緙嗚繛鎺ワ級鏂瑰紡鑱旂綉鏃訛紝瀹冨ぇ綰﹀彲浠ヨ揪鍒10鍏嗕互澶緗戦熺巼鐨勪笁鍒嗕箣涓銆
鏈欏圭殑鍏蜂綋璁劇疆鍊艱佽嗘墍榪炴帴鐨勫叿浣撳栬捐屽畾錛屽彧鏈変富鏉垮拰榪炴帴鐨勫栬鵑兘鏀鎸丒PP鎴朎CP鏃舵墠鑳借劇疆涓篍PP鎴朎CP鏂瑰紡錛屽惁鍒欎細鍑虹幇閿欒銆備緥濡備竴鍙板柗澧ㄦ墦鍗版満涓庝富鏉誇笂鐨勫苟鍙ｈ繛鎺ワ紝璁劇疆涓篍PP鎴栬匛CP鏂瑰紡鏃墮兘緇忓父鍑洪敊錛屽悗鏀逛負Normal鏂瑰紡鍚庯紝宸ヤ綔姝ｅ父銆傚師鍥犳槸璇ユ墦鍗版満涓嶆敮鎸丒PP鍜孍CP鏂瑰紡銆
鈼嘦SB CONTROLLER
USB錛圲niversal Serial Bus錛岄氱敤涓茶屾葷嚎錛夋槸鐢盋ompaq銆丏EC銆両BM銆両ntel銆丮icrosoft銆丯EC鍜孨T錛堝寳鏂圭數璁錛変竷澶у叕鍙稿叡鍚屾帹鍑虹殑鏂頒竴浠ｆ帴鍙ｆ爣鍑嗐傞噰鐢↖ntel 82430VX鍜孒X 鍙婂叾浠ュ悗鐨勮姱鐗囩粍鐨勪富鏉垮彲浠ユ敮鎸乁SB瑙勮寖錛屼絾鐩鍓嶏紝澶у氭暟鐢ㄦ埛灝氭病鏈変嬌鐢║SB璁懼囷紝鍥犳ゆ湰欏瑰簲璇ヨ劇疆涓篋isabled銆
2.PNP錛廝CI鍙傛暟璁劇疆鏂規硶
鍚勭嶄富鏉跨敱浜庝嬌鐢ㄧ殑鑺鐗囩粍涓嶅悓錛屽洜姝ゆ湁鍏砅CI鍙傛暟鐨勮劇疆鏈夊緢澶у樊鍒錛屼笅闈浠嬬粛甯哥敤鐨勫弬鏁拌劇疆銆
鈼嘝CI SLOT IRQ 璁劇疆PCI鎻掓Ы涓鏂璇鋒眰鍙
鏈欏瑰彲鑷鍔ㄨ劇疆錛圓uto錛夛紝涔熷彲浜哄伐璁劇疆銆備漢宸ヨ劇疆鏃跺彲鎸変富鏉挎墜鍐屼腑緇欏嚭鐨勫艱繘琛岄夋嫨錛屼絾瑕佹敞鎰忛伩鍏嶅啿紿併備竴鑸鍙閫夎嚜鍔ㄨ劇疆銆
鈼囪劇疆PCI IDE鎺ュ彛涓鏂璇鋒眰鍙
璁懼畾涓嶱CI鐩歌繛鐨処DE涓鏂璇鋒眰鍙楓備緥濡侾CI Primary IDE錛堜富IDE涓鏂鍙鳳級錛孭CI Second ary IDE錛堣緟IDE涓鏂鍙鳳級銆傚厑璁歌嚜鍔ㄨ劇疆鍜屼漢宸ヨ劇疆銆備竴鑸鍙閫夎嚜鍔ㄨ劇疆銆
鈼 PCI IDE TRIGGER TYPE鎴朠CI IRQ ACTIVED BY 璁劇疆PCI IDE瑙﹀彂鏂瑰紡
榪欎竴欏硅劇疆鏄瀵筆CI鎬葷嚎涓鏂鎺у埗淇″彿鍙栨牱鏂瑰紡鐨勮劇疆錛屼竴鑸鏈変袱縐嶉夋嫨錛欵dge錛堣剦鍐叉部瑙﹀彂錛夊拰Level錛堢數騫寵Е鍙戱級銆傚叿浣撲嬌鐢ㄥ摢縐嶆柟寮忓彲浠ユ牴鎹甈CI鎻掑崱鏈夋棤鐗規畩瑕佹眰鏉ュ喅瀹氥備竴鑸鎯呭喌涓嬪傛灉PCI鎻掑崱鏃犵壒孌婅佹眰錛屾湰欏瑰彲璁劇疆涓篖evel錛屽嵆鐢靛鉤鎺у埗鏂瑰紡銆
鈼嘡ESOURCES CONTOLLED BY 璁劇疆璧勬簮鎺у埗鏂瑰紡
鏈欏圭敤浜庤劇疆緋葷粺璧勬簮鐨勫垎閰嶆柟寮忋傚彲浠ラ夋嫨鑷鍔ㄦ柟寮忥紙Auto錛夋垨鑰呬漢宸ユ柟寮忥紙Manual錛夈傞夋嫨涓鴻嚜鍔ㄦ柟寮忔椂錛孖RQ鍜孌MA閫氶亾鍧囩敱BIOS鑷鍔ㄦ嫻嬪拰鍒嗛厤銆傞夋嫨涓轟漢宸ユ柟寮忔椂錛孖RQ鍜孌MA閫氶亾鍒欑敱鐢ㄦ埛鑷琛岃劇疆銆備竴鑸璇存潵錛屾湰欏瑰彲浠ヨ劇疆涓鴻嚜鍔錛圓uto錛夋柟寮忋
鏈欏瑰疄闄呬笂瑕佽В鍐崇殑鏄涓涓濡備綍鈥滃垎浜鈥濊祫婧愮殑闂棰樸傚湪PCI涓繪澘鐨勮捐′腑錛屽線寰璁㏄CI 鍗′笓闂ㄤ韓鐢ㄦ満鍐呯殑鏌愪簺涓鏂璧勬簮銆備絾瀹為檯涓婏紝浣跨敤ISA鎬葷嚎鐨勬彃鍗′粛鐒朵笉灝戱紝涓轟簡璁╁師鏉ョ殑ISA鎬葷嚎鎻掓Ы鑳戒嬌鐢ㄤ腑鏂璧勬簮錛孊IOS璁劇疆涓瀵筆CI鎬葷嚎鍙鐢ㄤ腑鏂灝卞姞鍏ヤ簡鍍廘egacy ISA榪欐牱鐨勮劇疆鍊礆紝浣誇腑鏂璧勬簮鍙浠ュ畬濂藉湴鐣欑粰ISA鎬葷嚎浣跨敤銆傚傛灉鍦ㄦ満鍐呭畨瑁呮煇縐岻SA澹板崱鎴栬В鍘嬪崱鏃訛紝鍑虹幇涓鏂鍐茬獊錛屽彲浠ュ皢鎬葷嚎鍙鐢ㄤ腑鏂璁劇疆涓篖egacy ISA鎴朜A鐘舵佸啀璇曘傛湁涓浜汢IOS紼嬪簭錛堝傚崕紜昑2P4錛夊垯鐩磋傚湴浣跨敤鈥淪lot x IRQ鈥濊〃紺鴻懼畾涓庣瑇鍙稰CI妲界浉鑱旂郴鐨勪腑鏂閫氶亾錛岃劇疆涓烘煇涓涓鏂鍙鋒椂琛ㄧず璇ヤ腑鏂涓鴻PCI鎻掓Ы鎵鐢錛岃劇疆涓篘A鏃跺垯琛ㄧず璇PCI鎻掓Ы闂茬疆涓嶇敤錛屽綋鐒朵篃灝變笉浼氬崰鐢ㄤ腑鏂閫氶亾銆傝劇疆涓篈uto鏃跺垯琛ㄧず鐢盉IOS鑷鍔ㄥ垎閰嶄腑鏂閫氶亾鍙楓傚湪鍏蜂綋璁劇疆鏃訛紝瀵逛簬娌℃湁浣跨敤鐨凱CI鎻掓Ы搴旇ヨ句負NA錛屽逛簬瑕佷嬌鐢ㄧ殑鎻掓Ы鍙璁劇疆涓篈uto銆
鈼嘝CI IDE IRQ MAP TO
鏈欏逛竴鑸搴旇劇疆涓篜CI錛岮TUO銆傚湪涓繪澘涓婃彃鏈夐潪PCI鎬葷嚎鐨処DE錛堢‖鐩橈級鍗℃椂鍒欐湁閲嶈佹剰涔夛紝鍥犱負濡傛灉璁劇疆寰椾笉瀵癸紝鍙鑳介犳垚鎻掑崱鎴栫郴緇熶笉鑳芥ｅ父宸ヤ綔銆傚湪涓繪澘涓婃彃鏈夐潪PCI鎬葷嚎鐨処DE澶氬姛鑳藉崱鏃訛紝鍙灝嗘湰欏硅劇疆涓篒SA鎴朚ap to ISA銆
鈼嘝RIMARY IDE INT錛冿細A
鈼嘢ECONDARY IDE INT錛冿細B
榪欎袱欏圭敤浜庤劇疆涓や釜IDE鎺ュ彛鐨勪腑鏂浼樺厛鏉冿紝A鐨勪紭鍏堟潈楂樹簬B銆備竴鑸鎯呭喌涓婸rimary IDE 錛圛DE 1鍙ｏ級閫夋嫨A錛孲econdary IDE錛圛DE2鍙ｏ級閫夋嫨B銆
鈼嘔RQ xx USED BY ISA錛圛RQ錛峏 ASSIGNED TO錛
鏈欏圭敤鏉ヨ劇疆鏌愪釜IRQ閫氶亾鏄鍚﹀彧鍒嗛厤緇橧SA鎬葷嚎浣跨敤錛寈x涓3鑷15銆傚彲閫夊間負NO錛廔CU鍜孻ES銆傛湰欏瑰疄璐ㄤ笂鏄浜哄伐鍒嗛厤PCI涓嶪SA鎬葷嚎鍗犵敤鐨処RQ璧勬簮銆傞櫎闈炵『璁ゆ煇涓狪SA鎻掑崱浣跨敤IRQ x x錛屽惁鍒欓兘搴旈変負NO錛廔CU浣縄RQ璧勬簮鑷鍔ㄥ垎閰嶇粰PCI鍜孖SA鎬葷嚎涓婄殑鎻掑崱銆
鈼嘍MA x USED BY ISA (DMA錛峏 ASSIGNED TO )
鏈欏圭敤鏉ヨ劇疆鏌愪釜DMA鏄鍚﹀彧鍒嗛厤緇橧SA鎬葷嚎浣跨敤錛寈涓1銆3銆5絳夈傚彲閫夊間負NO錛廔CU鍜孻ES銆傛湰欏瑰疄璐ㄤ笂鏄浜哄伐鍒嗛厤PCI涓嶪SA鎬葷嚎鍗犵敤鐨凞MA璧勬簮銆傞櫎闈炵『璁ゆ煇涓狪SA鎻掑崱浣跨敤DMA x錛屽惁鍒欓兘搴旈変負NO錛廔CU錛屼嬌DMA璧勬簮鑷鍔ㄥ垎閰嶇粰PCI鍜孖SA鎬葷嚎涓婄殑鎻掑崱銆
鈼嘝CI LATENCY TIMER
鎸嘝CI鎬葷嚎鐨勫搷搴斿歡鏃訛紝涓庝富鏉跨殑鎬ц兘鏈夊叧銆傚悇縐嶄富鏉跨殑鍙栧間笉鍚岋紝鍙閫夋嫨鐨勮劇疆鍊間竴鑸涓32銆64銆128絳夛紝鍗曚綅鏄疨CI Clock銆傚彇鍊艱秺灝忥紝鍝嶅簲閫熷害瓚婂揩銆傜敤鎴鋒墜鍐屼竴鑸閮界粰鍑轟竴涓閫傚悎浜庢湰鏈虹殑緙虹渷鍊礆紝姣旂己鐪佸煎ぇ鏃朵細褰卞搷閫熷害錛屾瘮璇ュ煎皬鏃舵湁鍙鑳介犳垚PCI鎬葷嚎鍝嶅簲涓嶅強銆