① 璁＄畻鏈哄彲浠ユ寜鐓т粈涔堟潵鍒嗙被錛
1銆佸法鍨嬭＄畻鏈猴紙Supercomputer錛夛紝涔熺О瓚呯駭璁＄畻鏈猴紝瀹冮噰鐢ㄤ簡澶ц勬ā騫惰屽勭悊鐨勪綋緋葷粨鏋勶紝CPU鐢辨暟浠ョ櫨璁°佸崈璁＄殑澶勭悊鍣ㄧ粍鎴愶紝鏈夋瀬寮虹殑榪愮畻澶勭悊鑳藉姏錛屽ぇ澶5浣跨敤鍦ㄥ啗浜嬨佺戠爺銆佹皵璞°佺煶娌瑰嫎鎺㈢瓑棰嗗煙銆
2銆佸皬宸ㄥ瀷璁＄畻鏈猴紙Mini
Supercomputer錛夛紝涓庡法鍨嬫満鐩稿悓錛屼絾浣跨敤浜嗘洿鍔犲厛榪涚殑澶ц勬ā闆嗘垚鐢佃礬涓庡埗閫犳妧鏈錛屽洜鑰屼綋縐灝忋佹垚鏈浣庯紝鐢氳嚦鍙浠ュ仛鎴愭岄潰鏈哄艦寮忥紝鏀懼湪鐢ㄦ埛鐨勫姙鍏妗屼笂錛屼究浜庡法鍨嬫満鐨勬帹騫誇嬌鐢ㄣ
3銆佷富鏈猴紙Mainframe錛夛紝鎴栫О涓誨共鏈恆佸ぇ鍨嬫満銆
4銆佸皬鍨嬭＄畻鏈猴紙Super
Minicomputer錛
5銆佸伐浣滅珯錛圵orkstation錛夛紝鎸嘢GI銆丼UN銆丏EC銆丠P銆両BM絳夊ぇ鍏鍙告帹鍑虹殑鍏鋒湁楂橀熻繍綆楄兘鍔涘拰寰堝己鍥懼艦澶勭悊鍔熻兘鐨勮＄畻鏈恆
6銆佷釜浜鴻＄畻鏈猴紙Personal
Computer錛夛紝涔熺О涓浜虹數鑴戱紙PC鏈猴級鎴栧井鍨嬭＄畻鏈猴紝瀹冧滑浠鋒牸渚垮疁銆佹ц兘涓嶆柇鎻愰珮錛岄傚悎涓浜哄姙鍏鎴栧跺涵浣跨敤銆
鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(鐢佃剳)緇忚繃澶氭＄殑鏀硅壇鍐嶅姞涓婂氬跺巶鍟嗕笉鏂鐨勭珵浜夋眰鏂幫紝浣垮緱鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈虹殑縐嶇被綣佸氫笉鏄撳垎綾匯傝稿氬﹁呬互鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈虹殑鍩烘湰鐗規э紝濡傚叾鐢ㄩ斻佸勭悊璧勬枡鍨嬫併佽兘閲忕殑澶у皬涓烘爣鍑嗗姞浠ュ垎綾伙細涓銆佷緷鐢ㄩ斿垎綾婚氱敤鎬х數瀛愯＄畻鏈(General Purpose Computer)鎴栫О涓鑸鐢ㄩ旂數瀛愯＄畻鏈猴紝涓鑸鐨勭數瀛愯＄畻鏈洪兘灞炴柤閫氱敤鎬х數瀛愯＄畻鏈猴紝鍥犺兘渚濈収涓嶅悓鐨勮蔣浣撹屽伐浣滐紝鍙浣滃氱嶇敤閫斻傝濡傚畠鑳戒綔涓鴻︽柟鏈夊叧澶辯獌杞﹁締鍙婃寚綰圭殑璧勬枡璁板綍涔嬬敤錛屼篃鍙浠ョ敤鍦ㄩ摱琛屻佸浘涔﹂嗐佸尰闄銆佸︽牎銆佸跺涵鍙婂叾浠栧湴鏂廣備笓鐢ㄦх數瀛愯＄畻鏈(Special Purpose Computer)鎴栫О鐗規畩鐢ㄩ旂數瀛愯＄畻鏈猴紝榪欐槸涓撲負鏌愮嶇壒孌婄洰鐨勮岃捐＄殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈猴紝鍏剁‖浣撳強杞浣撳凡琚鍥哄畾錛屽彧閫傜敤鏂肩壒孌婄洰鐨勩備緥濡:椋炲脊瀵艱埅鐢ㄧ殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈猴紝寰娉㈢倝閲屾帶鍒舵俯搴︾殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈虹瓑銆備簩銆佷緷澶勭悊璧勬枡褰㈡佸垎綾繪暟浣嶅紡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(Digital Computer)銆銆榪欑嶇數瀛愯＄畻鏈轟箣璧勬枡澶勫煁鏂瑰紡鍗沖叾璧勬枡涔嬭緭鍏ユ垨杈撳嚭錛屽潎浠ユ暟瀛楁潵琛ㄧず璧勬枡銆備竴鑸鎵鐢ㄧ殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈洪兘灞炴柤鏁頒綅寮忕數瀛愯＄畻鏈猴紝瀹冨彲浠ヤ綔鍚勭嶅姞鍑忎箻闄ょ瓑綆楁湳榪愮畻鍙婃瘮杈冩暟鐩澶у皬絳夈傚彧瑕佽緭鍏ユ暟鎹鍙婃寚浠わ紝瀹冨氨浼氭寜閮ㄥ氨鐝鍦頒竴姝ユユ墽琛岋紝鏉ヨВ鍐抽棿棰橈紝鏈涔︿互寰屾墍璋撶殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈猴紝鎸囩殑灝辨槸榪欑嶉氱敤鎬х殑鏁頒綅寮忕數瀛愯＄畻鏈恆傜被姣斿紡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(Analog Computer)銆銆綾繪瘮寮忕數瀛愯＄畻鏈虹郴渚濈墿鐞嗙幇璞′笌鏁板瓧涔嬫瘮渚嬪師鐞嗚岃捐★紝榪欑嶇數瀛愯＄畻鏈轟箣澶勭悊鏂瑰紡鏄浠ラ潪鏁板瓧鎬х殑榪炵畫鎬ц祫鏂欙紝濡傚０闊熾佺數嫻併佹嘗褰㈢瓑鏈夎繛緇鍙樺寲鐨勭墿鐞嗛噺鏉ヤ唬琛ㄤ笉鍚岀殑鏁版嵁鐩存帴杈撳叆錛岀粡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈轟箣榪愮畻澶勭悊寰岋紝鍐嶄互榪炵畫鐨勮祫鏂欏艦鎬佽緭鍑恆備緥濡傛苯杞︾殑鐢靛瓙鏃墮熻〃鏄浠ヨ繛緇鍙樺寲鐨勮濺杞磋漿閫熸潵鎹㈢畻鎴愭苯杞︾Щ鍔ㄧ殑閫熷害銆傚叾杞﹁醬杞閫熷嵆涓鴻緭鍏ヨ祫鏂欙紝緇忓勭悊寰屽皢奼借濺鐨勮繛緇縐誨姩閫熷害涔嬫椂閫熻〃杈撳嚭銆傛販鍚堝紡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(Hybrid Computer)銆銆緇煎悎浠ヤ笂浜岀嶇數瀛愯＄畻鏈(鍗蟲暟浣嶅紡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈轟笌綾繪瘮寮忕數瀛愯＄畻鏈)涔嬭祫鏂欏勭悊鍘熺悊鑰岃捐°傝兘鎺ユ敹闈炴暟瀛楁х殑榪炵畫鐗╃悊閲忥紝緇忚繃澶勭悊寰屼互鏁板瓧褰㈠紡杈撳嚭錛岃繖縐嶇數瀛愯＄畻鏈哄嵆涓烘販鍚堝紡鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈恆備笁銆佷緷鑳介噺鍒嗙被銆銆鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈轟箣鑳介噺涓嶄粎鎸囩數瀛愯＄畻鏈虹殑鍔熻兘澶氬★紝涓斿寘鎷鍏朵綋縐銆佽板繂瀹歸噺銆佷環鏍奸珮浣庝笌澶勭悊閫熷害銆傚備緷鍏惰兘閲忔潵鍒嗭紝鍙鍒嗕負涓嬪垪浜旂:瓚呯駭鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(Super Computer)銆銆渚嬪 CRAY-2錛岄傚悎鏂煎勭悊閫熷害瑕佹眰涓ユ牸銆佽祫鏂欓噺鐗瑰氳咃紝濡傛皵璞￠勬姤搴旂敤銆傚綋鐒跺叾浠鋒牸寰堥珮錛岀害鍦ㄦ暟鐧句竾鍒板崈涓囩編鍏冨乏鍙熾傚ぇ鍨嬬數瀛愯＄畻鏈(Mainframe Computer)鍙堢О鏈烘灦鍨嬬數鑴戙銆渚嬪侫undahl 5990-1400錛孋DC Cyberg60絳夛紝瀹冧滑鐨勭壒鐐規槸鎸囦護澶氥侀熷害蹇銆佽板繂瀹歸噺鏋佸ぇ銆佸姛鑳藉氥佷綋縐杈冨ぇ錛岃屼環鏍間篃鐩稿綋楂橈紝綰﹀湪鏁扮櫨涓囩編鍏冨乏鍙熾備腑鍨嬬數瀛愯＄畻鏈(Medium Computer)銆銆渚嬪 lBM4331銆乁NIVACll00/1O銆丯CRN-8370絳夈傚叾鍚勭嶇壒鎬у潎杈冨ぇ鍨嬬數瀛愯＄畻鏈洪婅壊錛屼絾涔熺浉褰撴湁鐢錛屼環鏍肩害鍦ㄦ暟鍗佷竾鍒扮櫨涓囩編鍏冨乏鍙熾傝糠浣犲瀷鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈(Mini Computer)銆銆渚嬪 HP300O銆乂AX-ll銆丳DP-l1絳夛紝褰撶劧鍏剁壒鎬у張杈冧腑鍨嬬數瀛愯＄畻鏈虹◢宸錛屼環閽辯害鍦ㄥ嶮涓囩編鍏冧互涓嬶紝涓昏佹槸灝忓瀷浼佷笟涓浣跨敤鏈澶氥傜浉褰撴櫘閬嶃傚井鍨嬬數瀛愯＄畻鏈(Micro Computer)鍙堢О涓浜虹數鑴戙銆渚嬪 Apple Macintosh銆両BM PC/AT/386/486絳夈傝櫧鍦ㄥ悇縐嶅姛鑳戒笂姣斾笉涓婅糠浣犲瀷鎴栨洿澶х殑鐢靛瓙璁＄畻鏈猴紝浣嗕環鏍煎彧闇鏁扮櫨鍒頒竴涓囩編鍏冨乏鍙籌紝鏄搴旂敤鏈騫誇篃鏈緇忔祹鐨勪竴縐嶃傚井鐢佃剳渚濆叾澶栬傚ぇ灝忥紝鍙鍒嗕負絝欑珛鍨嬨佹屼笂鍨嬨佽啙涓婂瀷銆佺瑪璁扮翱鍨嬨佹帉涓婂瀷絳夈
2錛庤＄畻鏈虹殑鍒嗙被
璁＄畻鏈虹殑鍒嗙被鏂規硶杈冨,鏍規嵁澶勭悊鐨勫硅薄銆佺敤閫斿拰瑙勬ā涓嶅悓鍙鏈変笉鍚岀殑鍒嗙被鏂規硶,涓嬮潰浠嬬粛甯哥敤鐨勫垎綾繪柟娉曘
(1)鎸夊勭悊鐨勫硅薄鍒掑垎
璁＄畻鏈烘寜澶勭悊鐨勫硅薄鍒掑垎鍙鍒嗕負妯℃嫙璁＄畻鏈恆佹暟瀛楄＄畻鏈哄拰娣峰悎璁＄畻鏈恆傗槤妯℃嫙璁＄畻鏈:鎸囦笓鐢ㄤ簬澶勭悊榪炵畫鐨勭數鍘嬨佹俯搴︺侀熷害絳夋ā鎷熸暟鎹鐨勮＄畻鏈恆傚叾鐗圭偣鏄鍙備笌榪愮畻鐨勬暟鍊肩敱涓嶉棿鏂鐨勮繛緇閲忚〃紺,鍏惰繍綆楄繃紼嬫槸榪炵畫鐨,鐢變簬鍙楀厓鍣ㄤ歡璐ㄩ噺褰卞搷,鍏惰＄畻綺懼害杈冧綆,搴旂敤鑼冨洿杈冪獎銆傛ā鎷熻＄畻鏈虹洰鍓嶅凡寰堝皯鐢熶駭銆
鈼嗘暟瀛楄＄畻鏈:鎸囩敤浜庡勭悊鏁板瓧鏁版嵁鐨勮＄畻鏈恆傚叾鐗圭偣鏄鏁版嵁澶勭悊鐨勮緭鍏ュ拰杈撳嚭閮芥槸鏁板瓧閲,鍙備笌榪愮畻鐨勬暟鍊肩敤闈炶繛緇鐨勬暟瀛楅噺琛ㄧず錛屽叿鏈夐昏緫鍒ゆ柇絳夊姛鑳姐傛暟瀛楄＄畻鏈烘槸浠ヨ繎浼間漢綾誨ぇ鑴戠殑鈥滄濈淮鈥濇柟寮忚繘琛屽伐浣滅殑錛屾墍浠ュ張琚縐頒負鈥滅數鑴"銆
鈼嗘販鍚堣＄畻鏈:鎸囨ā鎷熸妧鏈涓庢暟瀛楄＄畻鐏墊椿緇撳悎鐨勭數瀛愯＄畻鏈,杈撳叆鍜岃緭鍑烘棦鍙浠ユ槸鏁板瓧鏁版嵁,涔熷彲浠ユ槸妯℃嫙鏁版嵁銆
(2)鏍規嵁璁＄畻鏈虹殑鐢ㄩ斿垝鍒
鏍規嵁璁＄畻鏈虹殑鐢ㄩ斾笉鍚屽彲鍒嗕負涓撶敤璁＄畻鏈哄拰閫氱敤璁＄畻鏈轟袱縐嶃
閫氱敤璁＄畻鏈:閫氱敤璁＄畻鏈洪傜敤浜庤В鍐充竴鑸闂棰,鍏墮傚簲鎬у己,搴旂敤闈㈠箍錛屽傜戝﹁＄畻銆佹暟鎹澶勭悊鍜岃繃紼嬫帶鍒剁瓑錛屼絾鍏惰繍琛屾晥鐜囥侀熷害鍜岀粡嫻庢т緷鎹涓嶅悓鐨勫簲鐢ㄥ硅薄浼氬彈鍒頒笉鍚岀▼搴︾殑褰卞搷銆
涓撶敤璁＄畻鏈:涓撶敤璁＄畻鏈虹敤浜庤В鍐蟲煇涓鐗瑰畾鏂歸潰鐨勯棶棰橈紝閰嶆湁涓鴻В鍐蟲煇涓鐗瑰畾闂棰樿屼笓闂ㄥ紑鍙戠殑杞浠跺拰紜浠訛紝搴旂敤浜庡傝嚜鍔ㄥ寲鎺у埗銆佸伐涓氫華琛ㄣ佸啗浜嬬瓑棰嗗煙銆備笓鐢ㄨ＄畻鏈洪拡瀵規煇綾婚棶棰樿兘鏄劇ず鍑烘渶鏈夋晥銆佹渶蹇閫熷拰鏈緇忔祹鐨勭壒鎬э紝浣嗗畠鐨勯傚簲鎬ц緝宸錛屼笉閫備簬鍏朵粬鏂歸潰鐨勫簲鐢ㄣ